摘要
Zn（Ⅱ） and Pb（Ⅱ） from Nigerian sphalerite and galena ores were bioleached by a mixed culture of acidophilic bacteria.The influences of pH and ferric ion on the bioleaching rates of sphalerite and galena were examined.The result shows that pH 2.1 and 2.7 are favourable for the leaching of Zn（Ⅱ） and Pb（Ⅱ） from sphalerite and galena,respectively.It was observed that the use of agarose-simulated media caused cells to excrete exopolymers containing ferric ions which enhanced oxidation.The oxidation equilibrium for sphalerite and galena took 3 and 4 d,respectively.About 38.3% sphalerite and 34.2% galena were leached within 1 d and approximately 92.0% Zn（Ⅱ） and 89.0% Pb（Ⅱ） were recovered in 5 d,respectively.The unleached residual products were examined by X-ray diffraction for sphalerite,revealing the presence of elemental sulphur（S）,zinc sulphate（ZnSO4） and few traces of calcium aluminate（Ca3Al2O6）.The XRD pattern also indicates the presence of elemental sulphur（S）,lead sulphate（PbSO4） and few traces of itoite [Pb（S,Ge）（O,OH）4] and cobalt lead silicate [Pb8Co（Si2O7）3] in the unleached galena ore.
利用嗜酸混合菌在尼日利亚闪锌矿和方铅矿中生物浸出Zn(Ⅱ)和Pb(Ⅱ),研究pH值和铁离子对闪锌矿和方铅矿浸出率的影响。结果表明:闪锌矿和方铅矿中Zn(Ⅱ)和Pb(Ⅱ)的氧化物在pH值分别为2.1和2.7时浸出效果最好。用模拟的琼脂糖培养基使细胞分泌出含铁离子的外聚合物,以此加强氧化。闪锌矿和方铅矿达到氧化平衡分别需要3和4d。闪锌矿和方铅矿在1d内的浸出率分别为38.3%和34.2%,5d内Zn(Ⅱ)和Pb(Ⅱ)分别还原92.0%和89.0%。使用XRD研究两种矿物的未浸出的剩余产物,闪锌矿的组成为S、ZnSO4和少量Ca3Al2O6,方铅矿的组成为S、PbSO4和少量的Pb(S,Ge)(O,OH)4和Pb8Co(Si2O7)3。
