云南新平哀牢山西黑冠长臂猿分布与群体数量

Population and distribution of western black crested gibbon (Nomascus concolor) at Ailao Mountain, Xinping, Yunnan

西黑冠长臂猿(Nomascus concolor)主要分布于中国云南,滇中哀牢山是其重要分布区之一。哀牢山地处三州(市)六县(市),其中新平辖区是至今尚未全面开展西黑冠长臂猿种群数量与分布调查的地区。2009年11月—2010年1月,结合2007年和2009年对具有狩猎、放牧、林下资源采集经历的社区人员进行的访问调查,采用鸣声记数法对辖区内可能分布有长臂猿的区域进行了实地调查。调查结果显示,滇中哀牢山新平县辖区内分布有西黑冠长臂猿124群,其中85群栖息于国家级自然保护区及与其接壤的国有林内、30群栖息于县级自然保护区,9群栖息于自然保护区与国有林外的集体林中。可见,滇中哀牢山新平县辖区是迄今为止西黑冠长臂猿种群数量最大、分布最集中的区域,对西黑冠长臂猿保护具重要意义。但西黑冠长臂猿在该区域也呈现出斑块状集中分布的格局,以及种群分布密度和海拔梯度分布出现北高南低的趋势。

The westem black crested gibbon （Nomascus concolor） is mainly distributed in Yunnan, China. Ailao Mountain is located in central Yunnan and divided into three prefectures and six counties. This mountain forms the principle distribution range for western black crested gibbon; however, there are no published data on the gibbon population inhabiting the Xinping administrative. Take the interview results conducted in 2007 and 2009 with local people as the reference, this study conducted an extensive field survey covering all possible habitats from November 2009 to January 2010 using call surveys. Among the one hundred and twenty-four gibbon groups which were confirmed across the Ailao Mountain, the largest known population of western black crested gibbons yet, 85 groups inhabit the national nature reserve and adjacent national forest, 30 groups inhabit the provincial nature reserve and nine groups inhabit the collective forest located outside the reserve and national forest. We found that the western black crested gibbons here have a patchy distribution pattern and occur at higher densities in certain areas. Moreover, the population distribution density and elevation gradient distribution decline from north to south. The results also demonstrated the importance of Ailao Mountain in the westem black crested gibbon protection.