西汉御史府、台机构转化的历史过程与意义

The Historic Process and Significance of the Transition from Censor Fu to Censor Tai in the Period of Western Han Dynasty

西汉前期,中央监察的主体是御史机构,由御史府及殿中兰台两部分构成。御史大夫是御史机构的最高长官,御史中丞是其副手;御史府兼具监察、行政、秘书等多项政治职能。西汉后期,御史府或置或废,最终难逃弃置的命运。御史中丞转成中央监察的主官,由他领导的殿中兰台接管了御史府全部监察职能,被称作御史台,由此开启东汉御史台机构大发展的时代。

In the early years of Western Han dynasty,the main body of central supervisory was censor institution,which consisted of censor（fu） residence and dianzhong（palace） lantai.Censor senior official was the supreme official of censor institution and censor middle-official was his deputy.Censor residence held many political functions such as supervision,administration,secretary.In the later period of Western Han dynasty,the censor residence was either lingered in its position,or abandoned;at last it couldn＇t escape the fate of being given up.Then the censor middle-official became into the main official.The dianzhong lantai,which was led by the censor middle-official,took over all the functions of the censor fu.From then on started the great development time of the censor lantai institution of Eastern Han dynasty.