134例老年患者药物不良反应特点分析及护理对策

Analysis and Nursing on 134 cases of Adverse Drug Reactions of Old Patients

目的了解老年患者药品不良反应(ADR)的发生特点,为提高对老年患者的医疗及护理水平提供依据。方法对我院2006年7月至2010年12月收集到的134例年龄为60岁以上的老年患者发生药物不良反应的主要使用药物、发生ADR的主要症状、基础疾病、性别差异等进行回顾性分析。结果女性ADR发生率(61.19%)明显高于男性(38.81%);以70-79岁年龄组的ADR发生率为最高(41.79%);老年人ADR的临床表现主要为神经系统反应(34.33%)、消化系统症状(30.60%)、皮肤及注射部位不适(29.85%);有无过敏史与ADR发生所涉及的器官/系统数目相关性不明显。结论应高度重视易发生ADR的高危患者,采用预见性思维方式加强患者的用药后教育及护理。

Objective To investigate the characteristics of adverse drug reactions（ADR） on old patients.Methods 134 ADR cases had been collected from July 2006 to December 2010.Among them,drugs they used,the symptom of ADR as well as their sex differences were analyzed retrospectively.Results Of all ADR cases,the incidence rate of ADR in females（61.19%） was obviously higher than it in males（38.81%）,also the incidence rate of ADR between age 70~79（41.79%）was the highest than others.The main clinical manifestations were nervous system response（34.33%）,digestive system reaction（30.60%） and cutaneous as well as correlative response（29.85%）.There was no evidence to show that the allergic history of patients has any relationship with the numbers of organ/system which ADR involve in.Conclusion More attention should be paid to monitoring high-risk groups of ADR.Predictive nursing strategies including drugs education should be taken in nursing the old patient.