“公众对器官捐献态度”的问卷结果分析

The public view of organ donation in China： analysis of questionnaire results

目的调查公众对器官捐献的知晓程度及态度。方法设计制定器官捐献调查问卷，共10组20个问题，多数为选择题。调查核心为公众对器官捐献的态度及器官捐献的发展问题。在医院门诊大厅、繁华商业区及4所专业性较强的高等院校随机选取受访者，填写调查问卷，并记录受访者性别、年龄、文化程度、职业或专业方向等基本信息。结果共获得有效问卷2930份，受访者年龄中位数为38．12岁，男性与女性的比例为1：1．2。90．9％的受访者知道器官移植，并能选择出部分可供移植的器官。95．7％的受访者知道器官捐献，但了解的时间存在差别。89．1％的受访者赞成尸体器官捐献，赞成者中的72．7％愿意将来捐献自己的器官；接触过肾功能衰竭和器官移植患者的受访者对于器官捐献的赞成率高于未接触过的受访者（P〈0．05）。65．3％的受访者赞成活体器官捐献，低于赞成尸体器官捐献者的比例（P〈0．05）。85．7％的受访者赞成给予捐献者家属相应经济补偿。62．9％的受访者建议通过媒体宣传或各种教育途径增加公众对器官捐献的了解，14．5％的受访者建议国家制定相应法律。结论目前公众对器官移植及器官捐献有所了解，多数人赞成尸体器官捐献并愿意身后捐献器官。普及器官移植相关知识对器官捐献有促进作用。多数人认为适当给予捐献者家属经济补偿是必要的。媒体宣传和教育可推动器官捐献事业的发展。

Objective To investigate peoples＇ awareness degree and attitudes about organ donation in current China. Methods A questionnaire regarding organ donation was designed, including 20 little questions distributed in 10 groups, most of which were choice questions. The major question was people＇s attitudes on organ donation, and the development of organ donation. The survey was held in the outpatient hall, bustling commercial district and four professional colleges. The interviewees were randomly selected, and their gender, age, education background, profession or major filed were asked to be indicated on the paper. Results 2930 valid questionnaires were acquired in all. The proportion of men to women was nearly 1 ：1.2, with mean age of 38. 12 years the interviewees knew organ transplantation, and could choose some of the old; more than 90% of transplantable organs more than 95% knew organ donation, but the time varied; nearly 90% of the interviewees approved cadaveric organ donation, and 73% of them would like to donate their organs post mortem. People who know more about organ failure and organ transplantation can give more supports to organ donation. The young students have much enthusiasm to organ donation, but much professional knowledge is also needed to firm their attitudes. The approval percentage of living organ donation was 65.3%, obviously lower than cadaveric organ donation （P〈 0. 05）. 85.7% of the interviewees approved to compensate the donator＇s family appropriately. 62. 9 % suggested using media and various kinds of education to increase people＇s knowledge about organ donation, and only 20% chose appropriate legislation. Conclusion At present, the public are aware of some general knowledge about organ transplantation and organ donation. Most of the public approve organ donation and would like to donate their organs post mortem. The popularization of organ transplantation can give facilitation to organ donation. Most of the interviewees believe appropriate compensation is necessary for the donator＇s family. Media and education can promote the development of organ donation.