酶联免疫吸附试验在口蹄疫诊断中的研究进展

ELISA Progress in the Diagnosis of Foot and Mouth Disease

防治口蹄疫的关键是做出及时、准确的诊断。酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)有诸多优点,因此不论在实验室还是在田间,都是常用的口蹄疫诊断方法。介绍了传统ELISA和新型ELISA方法的原理、特点及最新研究进展。传统ELISA包括液相阻断ELISA、间接ELISA、固相竞争ELISA、间接夹心ELISA。新型ELISA包括单克隆抗体ELISA、PCR-ELISA、生物素-亲和素ELISA及Dot-ELISA。ELISA的发展方向应当是既灵敏稳定,又操作方便、易于实现自动化。随着技术的进步,ELISA在临床诊断和流行病学调查中将会有更加广泛的应用。

Timely and accurate diagnosis is the key to control foot and mouth disease.Both in the laboratory or field,ELISA is the most common diagnostic methods of FMD because it has many advantages.We introduce the principles,characteristics and research progress of conventional and novel ELISA.The conventional ELISA,including Liquid-phase Blocking sandwich ELISA,Indirect ELISA,Solid-phase Competition ELISA and Indirect Sandwich ELISA.While McAb ELISA,RT-PCR ELISA,Biotin-avidin ELISA and Dot-ELISA belong to the novel ELISA.The direction of the development of ELISA is sensitive,stable,simple and easy to automate.ELISA would be more widely used in clinical diagnosis and epidemiological investigation,with advances in technology.