河南省水旱灾害时空分布特征及与粮食产量关系

Temporal and Spatial Distribution of Drought-flood Hazards in Henan Province and its Relationship with Region Grain Output

全球气候变暖背景下,气象灾害呈明显上升趋势,极端灾害事件频繁发生,给粮食生产造成严重损失。水旱灾害是对粮食生产产生最直接、最经常性影响的农业灾害类型,与粮食产量关系的研究可以为粮食生产和防灾减灾提供基础的科学依据。以中国中部河南省为例,根据1988—2007年河南省水旱灾害受灾面积、成灾面积、农作物播种面积以及粮食单产等数据,分析了河南省水旱灾害时空分布特征及其与粮食产量的关系。结果表明:河南省的水旱灾害具有明显的年际波动性和地区差异性,1994年旱灾最严重,频发区为三门峡、洛阳两市,2003年水灾最严重,频发区为驻马店市;粮食单产波动系数和水旱灾受灾系数的相关性在不同时段具有较大差异,洛阳、三门峡和郑州受旱灾的影响较大,开封、商丘、驻马店受水灾影响较大。

Under the background of global warming,meteorological disasters have been increasing and the extreme drought events have frequently taken place,resulting in serious losses to regional grain production.Among the meteorological disasters,floods and droughts are the most directly related to grain production and the relationship between these disasters and the grain yield could provide basis for hazards mitigation and grain supply.According to the statistics of the affected area,inundated area,crop planting area and grain output from 1988 to 2007 in Henan Province,this paper analyzed temporal and spatial distribution of drought-flood hazards and its relationship with region grain output.Results showed that drought-flood hazards has obvious interannual fluctuation and the regional difference,the worst drought was occurred in 1994,frequent zone as Sanmenxia,Luoyang,the most serious flood was occurred in 2003,frequent zone as Zhumadian.The correlations of grain yield per hectare fluctuation coefficient and drought-flood hazards affected coefficient were bigger difference in different time,Luoyang,Sanmenxia and Zhengzhou were influenced by drought,Kaifeng,Shangqiu,Zhumadian were influenced by flood.