不同立地条件下东方杉等沿海防护林树种的生长生态特性研究

Study on Ecological Characteristics of Growth of Taxodium mucronatum×Cryptomeria fortunei etc.Coastal Shelterbelt Species in Different Site Conditions

为了筛选出适宜浙南沿海盐碱地和潮滩盐土的树种,笔者进行耐盐、抗风树种的广泛收集、引进和区域试验,结果表明:沿海土壤条件复杂,新围垦海涂的土壤盐度随土层加深逐渐加大;1‰～3‰盐度下候选树种36个,3‰～5‰盐度下候选树种28个,5‰～8‰盐度下候选树种16个;无柄小叶榕、东方杉等19个树种表现为具有较强的抗风性,且随林木年龄的增长,风倒率下降;不同龄级防护林树种的冠径/树高的比值在0.45～1.13之间,以无柄小叶榕、大叶黄杨、夹竹桃最高,夹竹桃、大叶黄杨等相对冠长值大,需与其他树种配合才能发挥较好的防护作用;几个高抗性树种的高生长速率排序为:邓桉(1.18cm/年)>木麻黄501(1.16cm/年)>东方杉(1.08cm/年)>无柄小叶榕(1.07cm/年)>乌桕(0.92cm/年);径生长速率排序为:无柄小叶榕(1.58cm/年)>邓桉(1.35cm/年)>木麻黄501(1.15cm/年)>东方杉(1.06cm/年)>乌桕(0.93cm/年)。

In order to select species which were suitable for being planted in saline land and tidal flat in the southern coast of Zhejiang Province,the author extensively collected and introduced species which had salt tolerance and wind resistance,conducted regional test.The results showed that：soil conditions along the coast were complex,in new reclaimed coastal land,soil salinity increased gradually with depth;1 ‰-3 ‰ salinity of 36 candidate species,3 ‰-5 ‰ salinity of 28 candidate species,5 ‰-8 ‰ salinity of 16 candidate species;Ficus concinna var.subsessilis,Taxodium mucronatum×Cryptomeria fortunei etc.19 species showed strong wind resistance,with trees grew older,the rate dropped down that trees were blew down by the wind;crown diameter/height ratio of shelterbelt species of different age classes was between 0.45-1.13,Ficus concinna var.subsessilis,Buxus megistophylla,Nerium oleander were the highest,relative crown length values of Nerium oleander,Buxus megistophylla were more,must be planted with other species,and the protective effect could play better;the annual growth rhythm of several high resistance species showed,the order from high to low was：Eucalyptus dunnii（1.18 cm/a） Casuarina equisetifolia 501（1.16 cm/a） Taxodium mucronatum×Cryptomeria fortunei（1.08 cm/a） Ficus concinna var.subsessili（1.07 cm/a） Sapium sebiferum s（0.92 cm/a）.And the diameter growth rate was：Ficus concinna var.subsessilli（1.58 cm/a） Eucalyptus dunnii（1.35 cm/a） Casuarina equisetifolia 501（1.15 cm/a） Taxodium mucronatum×Cryptomeria fortunei（1.06 cm/a） Sapium sebiferums（0.93 cm/a）.