半干旱区玉米降解地膜覆盖栽培综合效应研究

Comprehensive Effects of Degradable Plastic Film Mulching Cultivation for Maize in Semi-arid Region

针对吉林省西部半干旱区降水量少,特别是玉米生育期降水分布不均,玉米产量稳定性差等问题,采用降解地膜覆盖、不覆盖、普通地膜覆盖3种栽培模式,对土壤温度、水分、土壤理化性状、土壤微生物及玉米产量的影响进行研究。结果表明,降解地膜覆盖具有显著的增温保墒作用,可改善土壤物理性状,增加土壤速效养分,促进土壤微生物的活动,提高玉米的产量。降解地膜覆盖较不覆盖地膜增产14.51%;使用的降解地膜在7月下旬可分解至6级,重量减少66.35%,降低了地膜对土壤环境的污染程度。

The main problems of dry farming areas in Western Jilin Province are less annual precipitation,especially uneven seasonal distribution of precipitation in the maize production and the poor stability of yield.In this paper,the effect of mulch on the soil temperature,soil moisture,soil physical and chemical properties,soil microbe and yield of maize were studied.The results showed that mulching could significantly increase soil temperature,improved soil physical properties,soil nutrients and soil microbial activity,promoted the absorption of maize roots on soil moisture and nutrients,increased the yield of maize.The yield of degradation plastics film was increased 14.51%compared to the control.Degradable plastics film decomposed to level 6 in late July,the weight decreased 66.35%.Degradable film can reduce the pollution of the soil environment.