典型人群多环芳烃个体暴露特征和风险评估

Personal PAHs exposure characteristic and risk assessment in some special people

目的考察典型人群多环芳烃(PAHs)多途径个体暴露特征与风险。方法采集研究对象工作环境24 h的颗粒物和三餐样本,收集个人活动日志以此来统计时间-活动模式,用GC-MS分析PAHs,以毒性等效剂量估算呼吸途径暴露PAHs的患癌风险。结果 5组研究对象呼吸途径PAHs的暴露量分别为:吸烟组0.04 mg/d,厨师组0.03mg/d,交通协管员组0.05 mg/d,上煤工组0.01 mg/d,对照组0.01 mg/d。饮食途径PAHs的暴露量分别为:吸烟组0.11 mg/d,厨师组0.09 mg/d,交通协管员组0.09 mg/d,上煤工组0.12 mg/d,对照组0.10 mg/d。5组研究对象呼吸途径暴露PAHs的患癌风险依次为:厨师(2.86×10-2)>交通协管员(2.18×10-2)>吸烟组(1.72×10-2)>上煤工组(1.14×10-2)>对照组(0.91×10-2)。结论食物是PAHs摄入的主要途径,4类典型人群由于PAHs暴露导致的患癌风险均很高(1×10-2～2×10-2),且吸烟与职业途径的PAHs暴露占呼吸途径暴露的主要部分,对于吸烟与职业环境的控制将有助于降低人群PAHs暴露水平。

Objective To investigate personal polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons（PAHs）multi-exposure characteristic and risk in some special people.Methods The 24 h particulate matters and food samples were collected and the personal activity diaries were collected to gain time-activity patterns.GC-MS was used to analyze PAHs,toxic equivalent dosage was used to estimate the cancer risk of inhalation exposure to PAHs.Results The exposure levels of 5 groups were sequenced as follows：inhalation（smokers 0.04 mg/d,cooks 0.03 mg/d,traffic assistants 0.05 mg/d,coal-heavers 0.01 mg/d,controls 0.01 mg/d）;diet（smokers 0.11 mg/d,cooks 0.09 mg/d,traffic assistants 0.09 mg/d,coal-heavers 0.12 mg/d,controls 0.10 mg/d）.The inhalation cancer risks of 5 groups in this study were as following sequence：cooks（2.86×10-2）traffic assistants（2.18×10-2）smokers（1.72×102）coal-heavers（1.14×10-2）controls（0.91×10-2）.Conclusion Food is the main intake way of PAHs,PAHs exposure induced cancer risks are all higher（1×10-2—2×10-2）in the 4 typical people,smoking and occupational PAHs exposure account for a large point in inhalation exposure,the control of smoking and occupational environment may contribute to lower people PAHs exposure level.