马克思主义中国化理论基础的扩展——关于普遍性与特殊性之辩证关系认识的深化

Theoretical Basis and Extension of Localization of Marxism in China——Further Understanding of the Dialectical Relationship of Universality and Particularity in the Domestic Academic Circle

马克思主义中国化的理论基础是普遍性与特殊性的辩证关系。在马克思主义中国化不断推进的过程中,中国思想界与理论界在三个方面扩展了对普遍性与特殊性关系的理解:一是在普遍性与特殊性孰轻孰重的问题上,与西方传统知识观偏重普遍性不同,强调了特殊性的地位;二是在从普遍到特殊,即普遍原则的运用问题上,批判了机械(教条)的运用方式,肯定了启发式(创造性)的运用方式;三是在从特殊到普遍的问题上,弱化了类型(本质)的普遍性,强调了范例的普遍性及建构的普遍性。这三个方面的扩展,在一定程度上为马克思主义中国化扫清了理论障碍,为中国化马克思主义的进一步发展拓展了空间。

The dialectical relationship of universality and particularity is the theoretical basis of localization of Marxism in China. In this continuing process the Chinese academics extend their understanding of the universality-particularity relationship in three aspects, l. In balancing uni- versality and particularity, the Chinese scholars hold different ideas from their western counterpart. The Chinese put more emphasis on particularity while the western traditional idea stresses universality; 2. In terms of the transition from universality to particularity, that is, the application of universal principles, the Chinese scholars criticize the mechanical （dogmatic） application model and approve the heuristic （creative） model; 3. In terms of the transition from the particu- larity to universality, the Chinese scholars downplay the universality of the type （the nature）, while highlight the universality of example and construction. These points of extension have cleared away to a certain extent the theoretical obstacles to localization of Marxism in China, and expanded the space for further development of localized Marxism in China.