七叶皂苷钠对大鼠实验性高原肺水肿的干预作用观察

Intervention of sodium aescinate on experimental pneumonedema of rats

目的探讨七叶皂苷钠对大鼠实验性高原肺水肿的干预作用。方法 40只SD大鼠随机分为对照组(n=8)、实验性高原肺水肿模型组(HAPE组,n=16)和七叶皂苷钠治疗组(SA组,n=16)。实验性高原肺水肿模型的建立方法:以20m/min速度运动,每运动2h即将大鼠于低氧低压舱(模拟6000m海拔)放置6h,每天反复3次,共持续2d。模型制作结束后,对照组和HAPE组经尾静脉推注0.5ml/kg生理盐水,SA组推注5mg/kg七叶皂苷钠,再将HAPE组和SA组大鼠分别置于低氧低压舱内6h和12h(低氧暴露共42h和48h)后处死,观察动脉血氧分压(PaO2)、二氧化碳分压(PaCO2)、pH值、肺组织病理学、肺湿/干重(W/D)比值及血清和肺组织肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)含量的变化。结果病理切片示HAPE组肺间质和肺泡水肿,肺泡腔内有浆液性渗出物及大量炎症细胞、红细胞渗出;与HAPE组相比,SA组肺泡腔内炎症细胞渗出减轻。与对照组相比,HAPE组各时间点PaO2、PaCO2显著降低(P<0.01或P<0.05),SA组PaO2和PaCO2(除外48h时点PaCO2)亦低于对照组(P<0.01或P<0.05)。与HAPE组相比,SA组PaO2和PaCO2(除外42h时点PaCO2)均显著增加(P<0.01或P<0.05)。与对照组相比,SA组和HAPE组各时间点pH值、W/D值及血清和肺组织TNF-α值均显著上升(P<0.01或P<0.05),而SA组的上述检测指标(除42h时点pH值)均低于HAPE组(P<0.01或P<0.05)。结论七叶皂苷钠可抑制TNF-α,降低W/D,提高PaO2和PaCO2,从而改善实验性大鼠高原肺水肿症状。

Objective To probe into the intervention of sodium aescinate on the experimental pneumonedema of rats.Methods A total of 40 SD rats were divided into three groups,including the control group（n=8）,experimental plateau pneumochysis group（HAPE group,n=16）,and sodium aescinate group（SA group,n=16）.The experimental plateau pneumochysis model was established to move at a speed of 20 m/min.The rats were placed into the hypobaric chamber（6000 m of simulative altitude） with low oxygen for 6 h after a 2-h movement.The process was repeated three times each day for 2 d.After the model was completed,the rats in the control and HAPE groups were injected with 0.5 ml/kg of physiological saline through the caudal vein,whereas the rats in the SA group were injected with 5 mg/kg of sodium aescinate.The rats in the HAPE and SA groups were then put to death after being placed into the hypobaric chamber with low oxygen for 6 h and 12 h（a total of 42 h and 48 h hypoxia exposure）,respectively,to observe the arterial partial pressure of oxygen（PaO2）,partial pressure of carbon dioxide（PaCO2）,pH value,lung tissue pathology,W/D ratio of the lungs,and the change of serum and tumor necrosis factor of lung tissue（TNF-α）.Results The pathological section shows that interstitial tissue and alveolus edema were present in the HAPE group,as well as serous effusion,lots of inflammatory cells,and dialysed hematid in alveolar space,Compared with the HAPE group,the effusion of inflammatory cells in the alveolar space of the SA group,was lighter.Compared with the control group,the PaO2 and PaCO2 of the HAPE group decreased obviously on all time points（P0.01or P0.05）,whereas the PaO2 and PaCO2（except for PaCO2 on the time point of 48 h） in the SA group was still lower than that of the control group（P0.01 or P0.05）.The PaO2 and PaCO2（except for PaCO2 on the time point of 42 h） in the SA group increased significantly（P0.01 or P0.05） compared with that of the HAPE group.The pH value,W/D ratio,serum,and TNF-α of the lung tissue on all time points in the SA and HAPE groups increased significantly compared with that of the control group（P0.01 or P0.05）.However,the above indexes of the SA group（except for pH value on the time point of 42 h） were lower than that of the of the HAPE group（P0.01 or P0.05）.Conclusion Sodium aescinate can reduce the W/D ratio and increase the PaO2 and PaCO2 by inhibiting TNF-α to improve the symptom of experimental plateau pneumochysis of rats.