新石器时代中国玉器的区域特征

On the Region Feature of Jade in Neolithic Age

新石器时代我国辽河流域、黄河流域与长江流域三个地区的玉器,在材质、造型和纹饰方面表现出强烈的区域性特征:辽河流域的玉器多采用岫岩玉为原料,长江流域的玉器则多用透闪石—阳起石制成,而黄河流域多见绿松石制成的器物;辽河流域的玉器纹饰简单风格朴实,长江流域的玉器器形和纹饰都很特别,黄河流域则多生产工具且光素无纹。此外,玉器反映了新石器时代中晚期辽河流域内渔猎经济和宗教在社会中居于主导地位,长江流域中下游地区则可能进入了王权、军权和神权一体化的方国阶段,而世俗权力的独大在黄河流域普遍存在。世俗权力在这一地区社会政治生活中占据了主导地位。

In the Neolithic age the Jade of Liao River basin, Yellow River basin and Yangtze River basin showed strong region features in these respects ： material, style, sculpture. The jade of Liao River basin mainly consisted of Xiuyan Jade, the jade of Yangtze River basin mainly consisted of tremolite - actinolite, while the jade ware of Yellow River basin mainly used turquoise as material. The adornment style of jade of Liao River basin was simple, the shape and sculpture of jade of Yangtz River basin was out of the ordinary, the jade tools for production of Yellow River basin were mostly plain. The jade showed in the middle - late period of Neolithic age at Liao River basin fishing and religion held the important position, meanwhile at the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River the integration of royal power, military power, religious authority had been formed and entered into the country stage, at Yellow River basin the temporal power played the important role in the life of society and politics.