进口贸易和FDI技术溢出的比较研究——基于技术溢出内生性的实证检验

An Comparative Study on Technology Spillovers from FDI and Import

本文运用系统GMM估计方法,将进口贸易和FDI的技术溢出视为内生,对比研究人力资本水平、国内研发投入、制度的完善程度以及经济发展水平4个因素对进口贸易和FDI技术溢出的影响。实证结果表明,全国范围内只有进口贸易存在显著的技术溢出,进口贸易仍然是国外技术溢出的主要渠道,全国仅有东部地区的研发、人力资本、制度的完善以及经济的发展才能显著促进FDI的技术溢出,而东部及中部地区上述4个因素都能显著促进进口的技术溢出,西部地区除了研发水平外,其他3个因素也都能显著促进进口的技术溢出。

This paper uses GMM system estimation to study the effect of domestic research and development ability,human capital,the degree of market development and level of economic development on technology spillovers from FDI and import,when controlling the endogeneity of the international technology spillovers.The result of the empirical research shows that import is the main channel of technology diffusion.Only the research and development ability,level of human capital,the degree of market development and level of economic development in eastern China has significantly positive influence on international technology spillovers of FDI,but such factors can significantly promote international technology spillovers transmitted through imports in the eastern,central and western parts of China.