欠发达农区村域空心化特征及其微观机理——以兰考县三个村为例

CHRACTERISTICS AND MICROCOSMIC MECHANISM OF RURAL HOLLOW VILLAGES IN LESS DEVELOPED RURAL AREA ——A Case Study of Three Villages in Lankao County

通过对兰考县三个村庄的实地调查,发现欠发达农区村域空心化具备空心村的一般性特征,即人口空心化明显,土地利用效率低下,村庄用地外扩内空,且扩张呈现沿公路、占耕地的趋向;但由于经济、社会等因素制约,欠发达农区村域空心化一般处于萌芽阶段,表现在聚落形态上的空心尚不明显。可以用空间界面理论来解释村域空心化的驱动机理,居住空间分异。从农村地域的内核系统视角,分析了欠发达地区空心村的形成机理,主要受城市化、农户家庭收入、村民观念、土地利用制度、资金资源等因素制约与影响。

This paper analyzes the formation mechanism of hollow villages in less developed rural area and tries to integrate the hollow population and the hollow settlement. Researches were based on field survey of three villages in Lankao County, Henan Province, survey and interviews of local households were adopted. It can be summarized that general characteristics exists in hollow villages in less developed rural area. A typical hollow village should have characteristics of spatial morphological differentiation from the core to the edge. But because of economic, social and other restriction factors, villages have strong homogeneous in the less developed rural area; village centers still have a large attractiveness to villagers, which leads to a slow expansion to the boundary. Combining the actors and the village development and utilizing space interface of vari- ous resources, can maximize the use of the resources of space around actors, and improve the actors＇ lives and development. In the edge area, there are better accessibilities and more opportunities for actors. From the core system＇s perspective of rural area, the formation mechanism ＇of hollow villages in less developed rural areas is mainly due to urbanization, households＇ income, villagers＇ concept, land-use systems, financial resources and other restriction factors. We can get the following conclusions： population composition of a family often determines farmers＇ inhabitancy and the will of working away from hometown; the number of boys in a family is one of the factors which result in expansion of village size; the gap between agricultural income and non-agricultural income is the vital reason of hollow population, and so on.