草原文化基因传承浅论

Discusses on Inheritance of Grassland Culture Genetic Gene

草原文化遗传基因的载体是包含人居、草地和畜群三者共生的放牧系统单元,亦即人居、草地、家畜三者共生的,三位一体基本元素。放牧系统单元包含两重结构。第一层是草地—草食动物(家畜)构成的牧食系统;第二层结构是在草畜系统之外,加入人为因子,扩大为人居—草地—家畜的共生体。放牧系统的驱动力是能量按照一定的"序"的运动模式,需要满足生存空间需求与营养源网络两方面条件。科学实验和生产实践证明,划区轮牧是保持放牧系统单元完整性的唯一途径,它把放牧的"序"覆盖全部草地面积和全部放牧持续时间,适用于不同的时空阈限。我国需克服对放牧的诸多认识误区,建立放牧系统单元的概念,采取保持放牧系统单元完整的划区轮牧是维系草原生态,传承草原文化的关键所在。

Grazing system unit composed by three symbiotic elements of human settlement, and livestock is the vector of grassland grassland culture genetic gene, in other words, the trinity synthesis system of human settlement, grassland and livestock. There are dual structures in grazing system unit, the first structure is the grazing system between grassland and livestock, and the second structure is the symbiont of settlement, grassland and livestock including human being factors apart from first one. The driving force of grazing system is the motion pattern of energy according to some kind of ＂sequence＂, at the same time, both requirements of survival space and nutrition network should be met. The only method to preserve integrity of grazing system u- nit is rotational grazing based on scientific rules and production experience, which makes the ＂sequence＂ of grazing cover all of grassland and last all the time, so it is suitable for different space-time threshold. At the present, China has to correct many misunderstandings of grazing. Establishment of rotational grazing system which contains grazing system unit is the urgent way for sustainability of grassland ecosystem and grassland culture.