建国以来成都平原农田灌溉制度的演变——以绵竹射箭台村为例

Evolution of Irrigation Regimes in Chengdu Plain since the Foundation of the Peoples Republic of China——A Study Based on Shejiantai Village in Mianzhu City

灌溉是发展农业的基础。农民要解决农田灌溉问题必须组织起来。取消农业税后,部分地方出现了大中型水利系统难以发挥最大效益的现象,其有效灌溉面积明显减少;但都江堰的灌溉面积依然在继续扩大,都江堰水利系统依然能为灌区千万亩农田提供低成本、高保障的灌溉。其主要原因是成都平原农村自集体化时期建立以生产队为基础的行政化灌溉体制后,一直保持了生产队(村民小组)一级组织的稳定、健全,坚持了以队(组)为单位的统筹灌溉制度及其配套的组织体系,农村基层组织能够与都江堰水利系统实行组织对接。这说明,水利系统与农村基层组织的无缝对接是大中型水利能在农田灌溉方面发挥优势的基础。

Irrigation is the foundation for the development of agriculture. The farmers must be organized to solve cultivated field irrigation problems. Since the abolition of agricultural taxes, the phenomenon that the larger and medium water conservation system is difficult to maximize the benefits occurred in some areas of China, where the effective irrigation area is significantly reduced. But the Dujiangyan irrigation area still con- tinue to expand, Dujiangyan Water System still available provide for low-cost but high security irrigation. The main reason is to maintain a stable and robust production teams （village groups） which is the lowest organization, to adhere the irrigation system and its supporting organization system based on the teams （ groups ）,to fit the Dujiangyan water systems and the rural grass-roots organizations. This shows that the seamless connection between the rural water system and the rural grass-roots organizations is basis that large and medium irrigation water could be able to play advantage.