现代学术的异化及其匡正

The Alienation of Modern Academic and Its Rectification

近代以后,经过科学革命与工业革命,科学发挥出强大功能,并与资本相互促进,于是,古代学术体系逐渐演变为现代学术体系,成为资本生产体系的一个重要环节。古今学术体系变异的核心是:古代学者掌握学术资源,无须以学术为谋生手段;现代学者不掌握学术资源,须以学术为谋生手段。这一变异衍生出古今学术的其他变迁:从非职业化、非专业化走向职业化、专业化;从自由变得不自由;从贵族学术走向平民学术;从贵族的风雅品转变为资本与权力的工具;学者从不接受考核到必须接受考核。因此,现代学术变成了一个服从于资本和权力目的的异化的生产体系。它并非为学术而学术,而只是为创新而创新。而学者作为学术雇佣劳动者,不得不适应此体系,从而形成异己的现代学术生态。在此生态中,一方面,学者被异化为学术机器;另一方面,因知识是一种权力,导致专家也是一种权力。为了避免专家滥用知识而危害公众和社会,有必要对学术进行调控,强调学术责任,限制和监督专家的权力,建立专家言论责任追究制度。

Through the scientific revolution and industrial revolution, science has brought into playing powerful function, and mutually promoted with capital. So, ancient academic system was changed gradually into modern academic system. The key difference between ancient and modern academic system is that ancient scholars mastered academic resources, and academic wasn＇t means of subsistence; but modern scholars inverse. And other differences derived from the former： academic changes from non-professionalization and non-specialization to professionalization and specialization, from liberty to non-liberty, from noble academic to plebeian, and ancient scholars didn＇t accept examination but modern scholars do. Therefore, modern academic has become alienation academic ecology which means obedient to capital and power. It isn＇t for academic study, but for innovation. In the ecology, on the one hand, scholars become academic machine; on the other hand, because knowledge is power, ＂expert＂ become a kind of power. For fear of ＂experts＂ abusing knowledge, it is necessary to regulate and control academic.