不同栽培模式对杂交粳稻常优3号产量及养分吸收利用效率的影响

Effects of Different Cultivation Patterns on Grain Yield and Nutrient Absorption and Utilization Efficiency of Japonica Hybrid Rice Changyou 3

【目的】旨在探讨水稻高产与养分高效利用协调的栽培技术。【方法】以杂交粳稻常优3号为材料,设置未施氮处理(0N)、当地高产栽培(对照)、增产增效栽培、再高产栽培、再高效栽培和保产增效栽培等6种栽培模式,比较分析不同栽培模式下水稻产量的形成特点和养分吸收利用特征。【结果】增产增效栽培、再高产栽培、再高效栽培和保产增效栽培两年的平均产量分别为9.5、11.5、10.7和9.0 t.hm-2,较对照分别提高了14.5%、38.6%、28.9%和8.4%。与对照相比,上述各处理的氮肥吸收利用率分别提高了39.5%、93.9%、86.1%和31.0%(相对值),氮肥农学利用率分别提高了66.5%、84.4%、98.2%和70.1%。不同栽培模式下水稻穗分化至抽穗期的氮、磷、钾的吸收量与产量呈显著正相关。【结论】通过栽培技术的集成优化,可以大幅度同步提高水稻的产量和养分利用效率。

【Objective】Rice is one of the most important food crops in China.Continuous realization of high yield has a great significance in ensuring food security and society stability.Meanwhile,low nutrient use efficiency is a serious problem in rice production in China.The objective of this study was to investigate if a cultivation technique could coordinately increase both grain yield and nutrient use efficiency of rice.【Method】 The japonica hybrid rice cultivar Changyou 3 was used and six cultivation patterns were conducted.No nitrogen application（0N）,local high-yielding cultivation（control）,high-yielding and high efficiency cultivation（HHC）,super high-yielding cultivation（SHC）,super high efficiency cultivation（SHE） and stable yield and high efficiency cultivation（SYHE） were designed.The characteristics of grain yield formation under different cultivation patterns and their nutrient absorption and utilization efficiencies were analyzed.【Result】 The results showed that the average yields of HHC,SHC,SHE and SYHE were 9.5,11.5,10.7 and 9.0 t？hm-2,respectively,and 14.5%,38.6%,28.9% and 8.4% higher than the control.Nitrogen recovery efficiency was increased by 39.5%,93.9%,86.1%,and 31.0%,and nitrogen agronomic efficiency was increased by 66.5%,84.4%,98.2% and 70.1% under HHC,SHC,SHE and SYHE,respectively,when compared with the control.The accumulations of nitrogen（N）,phosphorus（P） and potassium（K） from panicle initiation to heading were very significantly and positively correlated with the yields.【Conclusion】 The results indicated that higher grain yield and higher nutrient use efficiency can be coordinately achieved through integrating and optimizing cultivation techniques in rice production.