咏物:朱彝尊与乾隆词坛——从《茶烟阁体物集》到《和茶烟阁体物词》

Zhu Yizun and the Ci Poetry in the Reign of Qianlong

朱彝尊的《茶烟阁体物集》对乾隆词坛的建构产生了重要影响。茹敦和的《和茶烟阁体物词》主要着眼于朱集延续《乐府补题》唱和、追求创作难度、追随特定的写艳风气三个方面,是清词走向学人词的重要表现之一。茹敦和对朱彝尊咏物词追求传形、展露才学以及比兴寄托等特点都深有领会,但其学习或模仿并非亦步亦趋,而是努力表现出自己的个人特色。同时,乾隆年间朱彝尊的地位更加明确、稳定,茹敦和的和作不仅顺应了这一趋势,也促使朱词更加深入人心。在中国文学史上,唱和往往是引导探索深入、促进风格形成的重要方式和途径,乾隆词坛的唱和活动,在当时起到了重要作用。而茹敦和的这卷和作,也就具有了多重含义。

Zhu Yizun＇s ci poetry collection Miscellany from the Tea and Tobacco Pavilion influenced the ci poetry during the time when Qianlong reigned over the Qing Dynasty. Ru Dunhe＇s Echoing the Miscellany from the Tea and Tobacco Pavilion marked a new and creative trend in ci poetry writing in that time. Ru, although well versed in Zhu＇s style, did not follow his step, but attempted to manifest his own uniqueness. Ru＇s follow-up creations confirmed Zhu＇s status as a great ci poet.