小麦雌性不育系XND126的细胞遗传学研究

Cytogenetic Analysis on Wheat Female Sterile Line XND126

小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)雌性不育系的研究和选育,对认识植物的育性发生和性别决定机制具有重要的理论意义,对其杂种优势的研究和利用也具有潜在的实践价值。以小麦雌性不育系XND126及品种辽春10号、陇春15、藁城8901为试验材料,对其根尖细胞的有丝分裂过程进行了观察,重点对XND126及其所配的3个F1的花粉母细胞减数分裂过程进行了研究。结果显示,4个亲本体细胞中均含有42条染色体。雌性不育系及其杂种的小部分花粉母细胞在减数分裂的中期Ⅰ有2～6个单价体,后期则有染色体桥和落后染色体出现,二分体和四分体时期也观察到有微核的出现。表明XND126的少数同源染色体在减数分裂中配对异常,并可能存在倒位等染色体结构变异。该资料的获得,为进一步研究相关基因或染色体行为在雌雄育性发生中的作用机制提供了基本数据。

The research of wheat female sterile line was not only of important significance to the sex determination and phylogenesis mechanism of fertility in plant,but also of potential practical value to the utilization of heterosis.The mitosis of root tip cells was observed in wheat female sterile line XND126 and cultivar Liaochun10,Longchun15 and Gaocheng 8901.The meiosis of pollen mother cell（PMC） was mainly analyzed in XND126,F1 hybrids from XND126 and 3 other parents.The result showed that the chromosome numbers in the somatic cells of the 4 parents were all 42.There were 2~6 monosomes at meiotic metaphaseⅠ,2 or more lagging chromosomes or chromosome bridges at meiotic anaphaseⅠ,one or multiple micronucleus at bispore and quartet in a small proportion of PMC respectively.The data suggested that there were abnormal homologous chromosomes pairing and chromosomal structural variation such as inversion in PMC of XND126.These data provided basic information to show the effect and mechanism of related genes or chromosome behavior in the phylogenesis of female or male fertility.