纳米材料对水生生物的生态毒理效应研究进展

ECOTOXICOLOGY OF NANOMATERIALS ON AQUATIC ORGANISMS

随着纳米材料的大量生产和应用,其将不可避免地释放到水环境中.近年来,纳米材料对水生生物的生态毒理效应已经引起了科学家的广泛关注.纳米材料在水环境中的分散液/悬浮液是与环境最为相关的形态;纳米材料在水环境中的分散与团聚、生物累积直接决定了其生态毒理学效应.本文概述了纳米材料在水环境中的环境行为,归纳了纳米材料在水生生物中的生物累积及机制,总结了纳米材料对水生生物的毒理效应,并阐述了对其它有毒污染物的生态毒理效应的影响.最后,本文展望了纳米材料对水生生物的生态毒理效应这一研究领域的发展方向.

Nanomaterials are inevitably released into the aquatic environment due to their increasing production and application. The ecotoxicology of nanomaterials to aquatic organisms has evoked extensive concerns recently. Aqueous dispersions or suspensions are considered to be the most environmentally relevant forms of nanomaterials. Dispersion, aggregation and bioaccumulation of nanomaterials in the aqueous environment determine the ecotoxicology of nanomaterials. This review summarized the behavior, bioaccumulation mechanisms and aquatic toxicity of nanomaterials, particularly the effects of nanomaterials on the ecotoxicology of other toxic pollutants. Finally, the prospect in this research field was discussed.