黄花蒿干物质的积累及青蒿素与N、P、K量的动态变化研究

Dynamic change of dry matter accumulation and ralationship between artemisinin and nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium in Artomisia annua

目的通过对黄花蒿干物质的积累及青蒿素与N、P、K量的动态变化研究,了解黄花蒿植株N、P、K的需求比例以及干物质的积累及N、P、K量和青蒿素量之间的关系,为肥料的合理配施提供参考。方法以桂93001号黄花蒿为观测对象,定期采集植株样品,测定其生物量和根、茎、叶、花中的N、P、K以及叶片和花的青蒿素量。结果黄花蒿7月中旬前干物质积累量最少,青蒿素的积累量最大,8月中旬到9月底干物质积累量较大,9月底叶片的青蒿素量达到最低;黄花蒿植株N、P、K积累量较多的时期主要在其生长前期,其中N、K是黄花蒿需要较多的营养元素,N、P、K在植株体内分配的比例为1∶0.12∶0.76,每生产100 kg黄花蒿需要N 19.6～28.2、P 2.0～3.4、K 13.6～17.3 kg。结论施肥的重要时期主要放在生长前期,而肥料应以N、K肥为主,配施适量的P肥,根据目标产量和土壤N、P、K量确定其施肥量。

Objective To study the dynamic change of dry matter accumulation and relationship between artemisinin and nitrogen（N）,phosphorus（P）,and potassium（K） in Artomisia annua,to investigate the needed proportion of N,P,and K,and to provide the reference for reasonable fertilization.Methods According to the development period we observed the biomass in the collected plant specimen Gui93001 of A.annua and analyzed the contents of N,P,and K in the roots,stems,leaves,and flowers and the contents of artemisinin in leaves and flowers,respectively.Results Dry matter accumulation was the least and artemisinin accumulation was the most in A.annua before the middle of July;The dry matter accumulation was relatively large from the middle of August to the end of September and the content of artemisinin was the lowest at the end of September;Most period of N,P,and K accumulations was at the early growth stage,in which N and K were the most required nutrient elements,and the distributive ratio of N,P,and K in A.annua plant was 1：0.12：0.76.The production of every 100 kg hay of A.annua needs N 19.6-28.2,P 2.0-3.4,and K 13.6-17.3 kg.Conclusion The most important time of fertilizing is at the early growth stage.The fertilizing amount should be defined by target yield and N,P,K of soil.And the main fertilizers should be N and K.P is moderately needed.