当代中国城市低保制度的演进及反思

The Evolution and Reflection of Contemporary Chinese Urban Subsistence Security System

当代中国城市低保制度从1993年起,经历了初创及试点、正式确立及全面实施、应保尽保、规范管理和全面法制化五个阶段。随着该制度的日益完善和操作程序的不断规范,城市低保制度开创了一种既符合我国国情,又与国际接轨的社会救助新模式,对保障城市困难群众的基本生活、维护城市社会稳定、推动经济体制改革都起到了重大促进作用。城市低保工作呈现出保障人数大体稳定、财政投入逐年增加、保障水平不断提高的态势。该制度面临的困难和问题需要结合国际扶贫的新模式和当前我国的低保工作的实践进行完善和创新。

Contemporary Chinese urban subsistence security system experienced five phases: start-up and pilot, formal establishment and full implementation, the realization of universal coverage for eligible residents, standardized management and comprehensive legalization. With the increasing improvement of the system and standardization of the operating procedures, urban subsistence security system created a social assistance model consistent with China's national conditions and international standards, which had played a major promoting role in ensuring the basic livelihood of urban poor people, maintaining urban social stability and promoting city's economic reform. Urban subsistence security work had shown that the number kept stable, financial investment increased year by year, and the level of security existed increasing. The difficulties and problems faced by the system required to improve and innovate with a combination of a new model of international aid-the-poor programme and China's subsistence security work.