从日本外务省解密档案看中日关系发展中的“求同存异”

On"Seeking Common Ground while Reserving differences" in the Development of Sino-Japan Relationship by the Decrypted Archives of Japanese Foreign Affairs Ministry

新中国成立后,中国政府制定了"民间先行,以民促官"的对日政策,旨在通过发展中日民间外交促使日本政府改变敌视中国的态度,建立两国正常的外交关系。中日民间外交在20世纪70年代初达到了准官方水平,为两国关系实现正常化打下了坚实的基础。在中日邦交正常化谈判的过程中,中国政府无论是与日本在野党党首的会谈中,还是与田中首相等日本政府官员的正式谈判中,始终坚持"求大同、存小异",坚持原则性与灵活性的统一,不拘泥于一般的惯例,在领土主权、国家利益、战争认识等大是大非问题上不妥协,对于一些具体问题又尽可能照顾日本的国情、体谅日本政府的困难,实现了亚洲两个不同社会制度国家的和平友好。

After the founding of new China, the Chinese government formulated the policy 'folk first, promote the official by the folk' toward Japan. The aims were to urge the Japanese government to change its hostile attitude towards China by developing Sino-Japanese 'people diplomacy' and establish normal diplomatic relations between the two countries. After nearly two decades of development, Sino-Japan folk diplomacy reached a quasi-official level in the early 1970s, which laid a solid foundation for the normalization between the two countries' relations. In the process of negotiations on normalizing diplomatic relations between Sino-Japan, not only the negotiations with the leaders of the parties out of office, but also with the Prime Minister Tanaka and other Japanese officials, Chinese government always adhered to 'seek common ground while reserving differences', insisted on the unity of principles and flexibility, never rigidly adhered to general practice, never compromised with territorial sovereignty, national interests, war understandings. For some specific issues Chinese government cared the conditions of Japan as much as possible, understood the difficulties of the Japanese government and realized the peace and friendship of two Asian countries with different social systems.