西部民族地区工业结构的逆向调整与政策干预研究

Research on Reverse Change and Policy Intervention of Industrial Structure in Western Minority Area

文章通过分析西部大开发以来西部民族地区产业结构的变化,发现其产业结构呈现出逆向调整(去工业化)和结构低级化的态势,产业发展层次低,采掘和原料工业比重大,产业链条短,加工深度和综合利用程度低。然后,基于Rikard Forslid(2004)的一个简单模型,分析了随着贸易成本下降,经济一体化程度提高,西部民族地区去工业化发生的机制和必然性。文章认为,"十二五"及以后时期,伴随着西部大开发战略的深入推进,西部地区的基础设施将继续得到改进,贸易成本将继续下降,与东中部地区的经济联系将更加密切,全国经济一体化程度将进一步提高,西部民族地区的产业结构有可能会进一步低端化,去工业化趋势会继续下去。为此,文章提出,为促进西部民族地区产业结构的升级,中央政府应在政策上给予支持,政策支持的中心在于在民族地区保持住制造业份额,可供选择的政策包括:鼓励国有资源型企业把企业总部迁移到西部民族地区;大力加强西部民族地区内部基础设施的建设;对西部民族地区企业实施投资补贴。

This paper analyzes industrial structure change since Western Development in western minority areas,and finds the situation of reverse change（de-industrialization） and low level of industrial structure which shows low level of industrial development,big proportion of excavating industry and raw material industry,short industrial chain,low processing depth and utilization.Then,based on model of Rikard Forslid（2004） analyzes the mechanism and necessity of de-industrialization of western minority area with the decline in trade costs drop and economic integration improvement.In and after the period of 12th Five-Year Plan,with further promotion of Western Development,the western region will continue to improve infrastructure,reduce trade cost,enhance the economic relationship with eastern and middle region,and then upgrade national economic integration.So the trend of industrial structure deterioration and de-industrialization in western minority area will continue.Therefore,this paper proposes central government should give policy support to upgrade the industrial structure in western minority area,which focuses on keeping manufacturing share in western minority area.The alternative policies are to encourage state-owned resources-oriented enterprises to move enterprise headquarter to western minority area,enhance infrastructure construction in western minority area,and afford investment allowance to enterprises in western minority area.