留守儿童家庭处境不利问卷的编制

Development of Family Adversity Scale for Parent-absent Children in Rural China

目的:编制适用于留守儿童的家庭处境不利问卷。方法:基于文献分析和访谈结果,形成问卷的70个初始项目。以1085名农村儿童为被试,通过因素分析、相关分析和方差分析,形成由51个项目构成的最终问卷。结果:最终问卷由缺少父母关爱、家庭气氛冷清、物质生活差、生活照顾不周、应对能力差、学习管理不善、监管不力、缺少沟通、放任、监护人心情差、命令强迫、严厉惩罚等12个维度构成;模型的拟合指数为:χ2/df=2.131,NFI=0.960,RFI=0.956,IFI=0.978,TLI=0.976,CFI=0.978,RMSEA=0.046;各维度与总体幸福感、积极情感呈负相关,与消极情感、抑郁、孤独、问题行为呈正相关;不同监护类型留守儿童在各维度上的得分显著高于父母监护的一般儿童;各维度的Cron-bachα系数在0.504-0.871之间,重测信度在0.614-0.815之间。结论:自编问卷的信效度基本达到测量学要求。

Objective： To develop a Family Adversity Inventory for Parent-absent Children in Chinese rural area. Methods： 72 original items were developed based on literature analysis and interviews. The inventory was then administered to 1085 rural children from Hunan Province. Factor analysis, correlation analysis and variance analysis were conducted. Finally, 51 items were left. Results： EFA result indicated there were disadvantages in parental care, family atmosphere, material life, life care, family ability to cope with events, learning management, supervision, communication, permission, mood of primary guardian, command and coercion, harsh punishment in parent-absent children family. The fit index was as follows： x2/df=-2.131, NFI=0.960, RFI=0.956, IFI=0.978, TLI=0.976, CFI=0.978, RMSEA=0.046. 12 dimensions of family adversity were negatively correlated with total well-being, positive feeling and positively correlated to negative feeling, depression, loneliness and problem behavior. Parent-absent children in different care-taking modes scored higher than parent-present children. Cronbach a coefficients of the 12 subscales ranged from 0.504 to 0.871 and re-test reliability coefficients ranged from 0.614 to 0.815. Conclusion： The validity and reliability of the scale are satisfactory.