国内流脑疫苗预防接种不良反应评价

A Review on Adverse Events Following Immunization of Meningococcal Vaccines

目的评价流脑疫苗预防接种不良反应(adverse events following immunization,AEFI),以了解流脑疫苗AEFI发生的情况,为AEFI的鉴定和处理提供参考。方法全面检索中国生物医学文献数据库(1978～2010.4)、中国期刊全文数据库(1979～2010.4)、维普数据库(1989～2010.4)和万方数据知识服务平台(1988～2010.4),并追索纳入研究的参考文献,由两位评价员独立筛选合格文献并提取相关信息进行分析。结果共纳入52篇文献,合计61例患者。其所发生的流脑疫苗AEFI中,72.13%为过敏反应,包括过敏性紫癜(合并或不合并肾炎)、过敏性休克、过敏性皮疹、血管性水肿、局部过敏性反应等。结论本研究结果提示,虽然流脑疫苗预防接种可能发生AEFI,但其大多为一过性损害,经及时抢救和适当治疗后可恢复或痊愈。流脑疫苗的免疫接种总体上较为安全,但需加强对AEFI的监测及处理。

Objective To evaluate the adverse events following immunization（AEFI） of meningococcal vaccines,so as to provide references for the appraisal and treatment of AEFI.Methods e Chinese Bio-medicine Database（1978 to April,2010）,China Journal Full-text Database（1994 to April,2010）,VIP Database（1989 to April,2010） and WangFang database（1988 to April,2010） were fully searched,and the references listed in original studies were searched manually as well.en two reviewers independently screened studies and abstracted relevant data.Results A total of 52 articles in-volving 61 cases were included.Among the AEFI cases,72.13% were hypersensitive response,including henoch-schonlein purpura（accompanied with or without nephritis）,anaphylactic shock,allergic eruption,angioedema,local allergic reac-tion and so on.Conclusion e results of this study show that meningococcal vaccines may result in AEFI.However,most AEFI are temporary and can be cured a er treatment in time.In general,meningococcal vaccine is safe,but moni-toring and treatment for AEFI are necessary.