论南宋遗民词中“愁”的文化意蕴

Cultural Implication of "Sorrow" in Southern Song Adherents' Poems

南宋灭亡之后,一批词人变成了失国遗民,这些遗民词尤善言愁,其诸多"愁"包孕着厚重的文化内涵:亡国之痛、故国之思无时无刻不在啃噬着他们敏感的心灵,于惶恐、紧张、焦虑的心理历程中痛苦的体验和承载着民族苦难;对山河破碎的痛惜和壮志难酬的悲愤,更体现了一种"万古纲常"和"精忠大义"的崇高民族气节。元蒙的入侵和统治,华夏制度文化的断裂,无疑也给南宋逸民词人造成了一种前所未有的深重的精神苦闷和惶惑,在走向田园林薮,到宁静的大自然中去寻觅自己那颗失落心灵的家园和归宿之中,蕴涵了他们对历史意义、对民族苦难、对人生归宿的深刻反思。

After Southern Song＇ s subjugation, a crowd of poets became adherents. They wrote poems, expressing different kinds of sorrows, with the implication of massive cultural connotation： The pain of subjugation and homesickness obsessed them all the time, which made their sensitive heart experience and bear the sufferings of their homeland in the psychological process of fear, anxiety and panic; Their deep regret for the disintegrated country and indignation for not being able to realize their ambitions reflected a kind of lofty ethnic integrity of ＂Everlasting National Responsibility＂ and ＂Loyalty and Honor＂! No doubt that the invasion and rule by Yuan and Mongolia and the disintegrated institutional culture also left the adherent poets of Southern Song a kind of unprecedented deep anguish and trepidation. Their seeking the lost homes and the end-result of heart in rural shaw and quiet nature contained their profound reflection of the historical significance, their national suffering and the end-result of life.