卢梭的人民主权论及其现实影响

Rousseau's Theory of People Sovereignty and Its Practical Effect

卢梭的人民主权论强调人民拥有主权,拥有国家权力。他的这种秩序乃是为其他一切权利提供了一项神圣权利,这项权利决不是出于自然,而是建立在约定之上。卢梭认为,公意总是正确的,并且永远以公共利益为宗旨,主权与治权必须分开,强调政府只是人民的代理人。卢梭的人民主权论是社会制约权力的理论基石,又是极权暴政与专制主义的温床,卢梭把洛克的分权理论推翻,却没有找到现实的人民主权实现途径。

Roussean＇s theory of people sovereignty emphasized the people＇s sovereignty with national power. This kind of order provided a sacred right for all other rights, which was not out of nature, but based on the agreement. Rousseau thought that general will would always be correct, taking public interests as the objective forever. He also insisted the separation of sovereignty and administration, emphasizing that the government should act just as an agent of the people. Rousseau＇s theory of people sovereignty was the theoretical foundation of social restricting power, but the hotbed of totalitarian tyranny and autocracy as well. Rousseau overthrew Locke＇ s the decentralization theory, but failed to find a way to the realization of the real people sovereignty.