粒径小于2．5微米可吸入颗粒物的危害

Hazards of inhalable particulates PM_(2.5) on human health

大量流行病学研究证明,心血管系统疾病和呼吸系统疾病的发病率、入院率、病死率与室外空气污染呈显著的正相关关系,特别与直径≤2.5μm和≤10μm的颗粒物(相应地以PM2.5和PM10表示)浓度相关。PM2.5的粒径小、比表面积大,易于富集空气中的有毒有害物质,更容易富集重金属元素及挥发性有机物(VOC)、多环芳烃(PAH),可以随着人的呼吸进入气管、支气管,甚至穿过气血屏障,进入血液循环,广泛分布于体内器官和组织,加重或导致各种疾病。本文就颗粒物PM2.5的理化性质和进入体内的方式,以及引起呼吸系统、心血管系统疾病的发病机制和造成细胞的遗传毒性机制作一综述。

Outdoor air pollution,especially the concentration of airborne particulate matter（PM2.5,PM10） ,has been indicated as a significantly positive correlation with the incidence,admission rate and mortality rate of cardiovascular diseases and respiratory diseases by lots of epidemiological researches. Due to the small particle size and high specific surface area of PM2.5 ,heavy metals,volatile organic compounds （VOC）,polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAH） and other toxic and harmful substances are more likely been enriched by PM25. With the respiratory movement,these substances can be brought into lungs,the alveoli, and even into the blood circulation by penetrating the gas-blood barrier and distribute widely in internal organs and tissues, aggravating or leading to various diseases. This paper provides a brief review of PM25, including its physicochemical properties of PM25 ,the way PM2.5 entering the body,and the nosogenesis of interrelated cardiovascular, respiratory diseases and genetic toxicity.