苏州多层住宅建筑生命周期评价

Life cycle assessment of a residential building in Suzhou

依据美国开发的BEES软件,选择张家港当地某一栋具体的多层住宅建筑(6层,每层大约750 m2)进行了生命周期评价。把建筑的全生命周期范围确定为建材准备阶段(包括原材料开采、运输、原材料加工等)、建造阶段、运行阶段(运行70年)、拆毁阶段和建筑垃圾处理阶段。依据确定的范围进行了清单分析。根据建筑的结构形式,计算得到各种建材的需求量和建造、运行、拆毁、建筑垃圾处理时的各种输入输出,以统一的功能单位(一栋建筑)合并各种输入输出数据,得到总的数据清单。采用BEES分类表征方法进行影响评价。根据我国的具体情况确定环境影响因子和类别(酸雨、全球变暖、资源枯竭等),将不同的环境影响因子分配到一个或多个环境影响类别中,再根据具体情况确定各指标的权重系数进行加权,得到综合的评价结果。找出了建筑物全生命周期阶段中产生环境影响最大的阶段,即运行阶段。

BEES that was developed in USA were selected to study a residential building in Suzhou. The boundary of the study included the preparation phase of building materials, construction phase, operation phase, the demolition phase and the waste disposal stage. According to the building＇s structure, the demands of a variety of building materials were calculated and the input and output in every stage of the building life cycle were found and the inventory data of the building with a function unit were integrated. The impact assessment was carried out using BEES, with our own conditions. The result shows that the operation phase causes the biggest environmental impact in different life-span of the building.