线粒体自噬

Mitophagy

细胞自噬(autophagy)是细胞依赖溶酶体对蛋白和细胞器进行降解的一条重要途径.目前,将通过细胞自噬降解线粒体的途径称为线粒体自噬(mitophagy).最近几年的证据表明,线粒体自噬是一个特异性的选择过程,并受到各种因子的精密调节,是细胞清除体内损伤线粒体和维持自身稳态的一种重要调节机制.自噬相关分子,如"核心"Atg复合物,酵母线粒体外膜分子Atg32、Atg33、Uth1和Aup1,哺乳细胞线粒体外膜蛋白PINK1、NIX和胞质的Parkin等,在线粒体自噬中起关键的作用.线粒体自噬异常与神经退行性疾病如帕金森氏病(Parkinson’s disease,PD)的发生密切相关.本文就线粒体自噬的研究进展做简要的介绍.

Autophagy is a very important biological process,by which the cytoplasmic constituents of protein and organelles are sequestered in a double-membrane autophagosome and then delivered to the lysosome for degradation.Mitophagy is a process referred to mitochondria degradation via autophagy.The selective degradation of mitochondria is highly regulated by various molecules,including ＂core＂ Atg complexes,Atg32,Atg33,Uth1 and Aup1 that localized on the mitochondrial outer membrane in yeast,as well as NIX,PINK1 and Parkin in mammalian cells.As it is an essential cellular pathway to eliminate damaged or depolarized mitochondria to maintain the homeostasis of cells,the dysfunction of mitophagy is closely related to neurodegenerative diseases,such as the Parkinson disease.This review summarizes the latest advances in mitophagy researches.