坐姿作业肌肉骨骼疾患问卷的编制

Development of China Musculoskeletal Questionnaire and item selection

目的编制坐姿作业骨骼肌肉疾患问卷（China Musculoskeletal Questionnaire，CMQ）。方法通过文献回顾、对现场资料收集、现有工效学工具内容的总结、专家咨询、职业卫生人员咨询、坐姿作业个人交流等定性研究方法，初步形成问卷条目池。然后通过专家对条目池中条目重要性进行评分，用条目池组成的问卷在325名生产线的坐姿作业人员中进行针对该问卷的现场调查及采样。获得相关数据后．用条目分析法对条目进行分析．并结合专家评分法、因子分析法和克朗巴赫系数法筛选出能增加问卷准确性、可靠性的条目，由这些条目初步组成正式的问卷。结果汇总前期定性研究方法获得了准确、全面的肌肉骨骼疾患相关危险因素的重要信息，编制问卷条目池。建构坐姿作业肌肉骨骼疾患问卷。通过获得的数据，对问卷进行条目分析和筛选。结合专业知识最后由34个条目组成CMQ的核心部分（工作相关因素问卷）。结论CMQ具有较好的内容效度，其所包含的条目具有良好的区分度、可靠性和代表性。应该进一步对问卷的信度和效度进行验证。

Objective TO develop a draft questionnaire （China Musculoskeletal Questionnaire, CMQ） for evaluating of musculoskeletal workload and associated potential hazardous working conditions as well as musculoskeletal symptoms of workers in Sitting Posture. Methods Multi-methods, which include the reviewing references, the summarizing resuhs of preliminary studies, the reviewing ergonomic tools, the consulting experts and occupational health workers and the interviewing or discussing with individual workers in sitting posture, were used in developing item pool. The experts and epidemiologists of occupational health scored the impor- tance of every single item in the item pool, and then the survey and sampling were carried out in 325 workers of sitting posture who completed the questionnaire. On the basis of these data, the methods including experts scor- ing, item analysis, Cronbach＇ sct analysis and factor analysis were synthetically used to select the reliable items which consisted of the formal questionnaire. Results The standard of the CMQ, which consists of 34 items on musculoskeletal workload and associated potentially hazardous working conditions, can be divided into nine in- dices （dynamic loads, static loads, repetitive loads, forcesexertion, prolong time, climatic factors, vibration, po- sition and ergonomic environmental factors）. Conclusion The CMQ possesses good content validity, and the items of CMQ are divergent, reliable and typical. However, the reliability and validity of CMQ should be validated.