控水灌溉对寒地水稻物质生产及灌浆动态和产量的影响

Effect of water-controlled irrigation on dry matter production,filling dynamics and yield of rice in cold region

以垦鉴稻5号为材料,采用负压式土壤湿度计监测土壤水势,通过防雨棚内的盆栽控水试验,较系统地研究了水稻返青至成熟期-8～-10 kPa的间歇控水灌溉对寒地水稻物质生产、灌浆动态和产量影响。主要结果如下:控水处理使供试品种的穴穗数减少1.54%;穗粒数增加了3.93%;优、中、劣势粒的结实率分别增加了3.53%、12.77%和28.97%;优、中、劣势粒的千粒重分别增加了0.96%、0.48%和0.60%;生物产量增加8.27%;经济系数提高5.73%;经济产量增加14.47%。控水处理使供试品种开花后的干物质积累量增加,鞘输出率和转换率分别提高6.21%和4.01%。控水处理加速了供试品种的灌浆进程,延迟了劣势粒峰值出现的时间,提高了优、中、劣势粒的-G、Gmax、I和Wmax.G值,缩短优、中、劣势粒的活跃生长期。

With Kenjiandao 5 as material,the effects of intermittent controlling water treatments at-8～-10 kPa of soil water potential from re-green to mature on dry matter production,filling dynamics and yield of rice in cold region were studied with potted planting in chamber rainproof by examining soil water potential with negative pressure soil moisture tensiometer.The main results are as follows：Panicles per hill of treatment cultivar decreased 1.54%;grain numbers per panicle increased 3.93%;kernel seting rate of superior grains,middle grains and inferior grains increased 3.53%,12.77% and 28.97% respectively;1000-grain weight of superior grains,middle grains and inferior grains increased 0.96%、0.48% and 0.60% respectively;biomass increased 8.27%;harvest indexs increased 5.73%;economic yield increased 14.47% under the condition of controlling-water treatment.Dry weight of reatment cultivar was higher than its of the CK from anthesis to mature;exportation percentage and transformation percentage of dry matter in sheath increased 6.21% and 7.77% respectively under the condition of controlling-water treatment.The process of grain filling of treatment cultivar was accelerated;grain filling rate peak appearing time of inferior grains of treatment cultivar was delayed;,Gmax,I and Wmax.G of superior grains,middle grains and inferior grains was raised respectively;the growing period of treatment cultivar were shorten under the condition of controlling-water treatment.