平衡施肥对高淀粉甘薯产量和品质的影响

Effects of balanced fertilization on yield and quality of high starch content sweet potato

采用田间试验方法,研究了平衡施肥对川中丘陵干旱区高淀粉甘薯徐薯22和川薯34产量和品质的影响。结果表明,与不施肥处理相比,氮磷钾肥配合施用使徐薯22增产40.2%～56.0%,淀粉含量增加1.5～3.3个百分点;川薯34增产38.7%～52.7%,淀粉含量增加0.2～6.7个百分点。在高产目标下,徐薯22每生产100 kg块茎(干重),需要0.64～0.87 kg N、0.09～0.11 kg P2O5和0.88～1.39 kg K2O;川薯34每生产100 kg块茎(干重),需要0.71～0.88 kg N、0.07～0.13 kg P2O5和0.70～1.14 kg K2O。与氮磷钾肥料都作底肥施用相比,分次施肥显著提高高淀粉甘薯的淀粉含量,徐薯22提高量为4.1个百分点,川薯34为6.9个百分点。综合产量和品质因素,45kg/hm2N、45 kg/hm2P2O5和90 kg/hm2K2O为试验条件的最佳施肥量。

A field experiment was conducted to investigate effects of balanced fertilization on yield and quality of two high starch content sweet potato cultivars Xushu 22 and Chuanshu 34 in the rain-fed hilly region of Sichuan Basin.Results showed that compared with the control（no fertilizer treatment） the balanced fertilization treatment significantly increased tuber yield by 40.2%～56.0% for Xushu 22 and 38.7%～52.7% for Chuanshu 34,a modest increment of starch content by 1.5 to 3.3 percentage points for Xushu 22 and 0.2 to 6.7 percentage points for Chuanshu 34.Under high yield cultivation,it required 0.64 to 0.87 kg N,0.09 to 0.11 kg P2O5 and 0.88 to 1.39 kg K2O to produce every 100 kg dry tube yield for Xushu 22 and 0.71 to 0.88 kg N,0.07 to 0.13 kg P2O5 and 0.70 to 1.14 kg K2O for Chuanshu 34.Compared with one basal application,split application of all fertilizers as basal and side-dressings significantly improved tuber starch content by 4.1 percentage points for Xushu 22 and 6.9 percentage points for Chuanshu 34.Considering both yield and quality as a whole,45 kg/hm2 N,45 kg/hm2 P2O5 and 90 kg/hm2 K2O can be regarded as the optimal application rates under the experimental and similar conditions.