施肥对西红柿土壤微生物和土壤呼吸的影响

Effect of fertilization constitution on soil microorganism and soil respiration of tomato

以不施肥为对照,研究了化肥、有机肥、沼肥对西红柿土壤微生物数量和土壤呼吸的影响。结果表明:施用化肥土壤的细菌数量比对照减少0.6%～57.2%,真菌数量呈现先增加后减少的趋势,放线菌数量比对照增加7.4%～65.0%;化肥用量减少一半,土壤的真菌数量增加,放线菌数量减少。施用有机肥土壤的细菌、真菌、放线菌数量比对照分别增加12.1%～160.8%、5.1%～142.3%、46.2%～157.5%;有机肥用量减少一半,土壤细菌、真菌、放线菌数量分别减少28.0%～87.8%、9.7%～40.3%、21.8%～71.1%。施用沼肥土壤细菌、真菌和放线菌数量与对照相比呈现先增加后减少的趋势。施肥增强了土壤呼吸,其中有机肥增加的幅度最大,为23.5%～118.6%,沼肥次之,为20.8%～38.5%,化肥增加的幅度最小,为10.5%～25.3%。

In solar greenhouse,effect of CK（no fertilization）,NP fertilizer,organic manure,biogas fertilizer on soil microorganism and respiration was studied.The results showed that,compared to CK,the number of bacteria of soil decreased by 0.6%～57.2%,fungi of soil increased first and then decreased,and actinomycete of soil increased by 7.4%～65.0% when using NP fertilizer.Application amount of NP fertilizer reduced a half,the number of fungi of soil increased,but actinomycete of soil decreased.By using organic manure,the number of bacteria,fungi and actinomycete of soil increased by 12.1%～160.8%,5.1%～142.3% and 46.2%～157.5%.When the application amount of organic manure reduced a half,the number of bacteria,fungi and actinomycete of soil decreased by 28.0%～87.8%,9.7%～40.3% and 21.8%～71.1%.By applying biogas fertilizer,the numbers of bacteria,fungi and actinomycete increased first and then reduced.Fertilization enhanced soil respiration,the extent of increasing under organic manure was the biggest,with 23.5%～118.6%,and that with biogas fertilizer was 20.8%～38.5%,while that with NP fertilizer was the smallest in all treatments.