《老乞大》四种版本从句句尾助词研究

A comparative study of post subordinate-clause particles in the four different editions of Lao Ch'i-ta

本文利用《老乞大》不同时代的四种版本,对其中的从句句尾助词进行了动态的比较研究。本文认为,这种助词的根本功能是表示语气停顿,假设语气也是通过停顿来表达的。文中首次利用了在韩国发现的古本《老乞大》,在资料上突破了以往主要依据《谚解》本的局限。通过对比研究,勾勒了元、明、清三代这类助词的词汇兴替面貌,除了"呵、时、么、呢"之外,又发现了与"的话"相当的语气助词"的",这为进一步考察"的话"的来源和正确认识现代汉语中一些尚未解释的句中助词"的"提供了宝贵的线索和视点。文中所归纳的元明本与清代本在句型上的变化,说明了汉语与阿尔泰语接触时所受到的影响。本文还具体解释了"时"的语法化过程。

A dynamically comparative study of the sentence-end particles in subordinate clauses in the four different editions of Lao Ch'i-ta. The fundamental function of the particles is modal pause. Pause expresses hypothetical modality too. An oldest edition of Lao Ch'i-ta which discovered in Korea is used in this research for the first time. The comparative study gives us a clear picture of the development of this kind of particles in Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties. 'De' is found as another equivalent of 'dehua' adding to the list of 'he','shi','me'and 'we' which may offer an important point of view of the further research on the source of 'dehua' and the intra-sentence; 'de' in current Chinese. The changes of the clause patterns in Yuan and Qing editions reflect the influence of the Altaic languages on Chinese. The grammaticalization of 'shi' is also examined specifically.