前牙反[牙合]与正常[牙合]自然舌姿势位的比较

Comparison of tongue postures at rest position between anterior cross-bite and normal bite

目的通过比较前牙反[牙合]和正常殆在息止[牙合]位时舌的自然姿势特征，探讨前牙反[牙合]患者的舌位置是否有特征性变化。方法征集正常[牙合]志愿者20名（男8名，女12名，正常黯组），平均年龄23．8岁；反[牙合]患者20名（男11名，女9名，前牙反[牙合]组），平均年龄24．6岁。问诊调查舌的习惯姿势位，并用硫酸钡标记舌背中线和腭黏膜中线。拍摄头颅侧位片和息止[牙合]位侧位片，用t检验比较两组息止[牙合]位的舌位置。结果（1）正常[牙合]组整个舌背在硬腭、软腭处都与上腭完全贴合，舌尖置于上切牙舌隆突处；前牙反[牙合]组为舌背在软腭部有部分贴合，在部分软腭和硬腭区域远离上腭。舌体不易保持贴上腭位。（2）舌体的侧面轮廓在正常[牙合]组呈现向前上挺立，在前牙反[牙合]组表现为后下倾倒状。舌的最高点位置：正常组在硬腭与软腭交界区域；前牙反[牙合]组较正常殆组向下向后移位，在软腭与悬雍垂交界区域。（3）前牙反[牙合]组舌体位置（LP）比正常[牙合]组低（P〈0．01）；两组的舌高和舌长差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论息止[牙合]自然姿势位时前牙反[牙合]组较正常[牙合]组的舌位置低。

Objective To compare tongue positions at rest between normal occlusion people and patients with anterior cross-bite malocclusions, and to explore whether there is any abnormality in the tongue position of the anterior cross-bite malocclusions. Methods Twenty adults of normal bite （8 males and 12 females, with an average age of 23.8 years） and 20 adults of anterior cross-bite （11 males and 9 females, with an average age of 24. 6 years） were involved in this study. The position habits of tongue were investigated by a questionnaire. The tongue positions, which were enhanced by applying barium to tongue and palatal surface, were compared by cephalometric roentgenogram. Two groups were compared by t-test to determine the variation of anterior cross-bite. Results In normal occlusion group, the dorsum of tongues was sealed with all palatal surfaces except uvula site. In ante- rior cross-bite group, tongues were far from palate, and were difficult to lift. The profile of tongue showed standing upright forward and up in normal occlusion group, while inclining back and low in anterior cross-bite group. The tops of tongue dorsum sites were at the border of soft and hard palate in normal occlusion group. While in anterior cross-bite group, the tops of tongue dorsum sites were at the border of uvula and soft palate. In anterior cross-bite group, the tongue-to-palate distance was bigger than that of normal occlusion group （P〈0.01）. However, both length and height of the tongue had no significant differences between two groups （P〉0.05）. Conclusions In anterior cross-bite patients, tongue positions were lower than that of normal occlusion people.