东京基于社区的地震灾害危险度评估:做法与特点

District-based Assessment of Vulnerability to Earthquake Disaster in Tokyo: Practice and Characteristics

东京在实践中逐步建立了一套基于社区的地震灾害危险度评估体系,以东京各町丁目为评估对象,通过对建筑物危险度、火灾危险度和应急避难危险度进行分类评估,得出各地的综合危险度,为防灾减灾工作提供科学依据。东京基于社区的地震灾害危险度评估具有如下特点:以巨灾为重点,积极开展强烈地震发生后不同地区的危险度评估;以综合为目标,全面评估强烈地震等巨灾对经济社会产生的综合影响;以专项为基础,深入评估震后建筑物、火灾、避难等各类风险;以公开为动力,大力提高全社会的风险防范意识和应急处置能力。

Since 1975, the Tokyo Metropolitan government has developed a district-based assessment method of vulnerability to earthquake disaster. About every 5 years, a survey would be conducted to measure communities＇ vulnerability to earthquakes. The sixth survey in 2008 was conducted in 5099 districts of city planning areas in Tokyo. The district-based vulnerability to earthquake disaster is measured in terms of building collapse, fire disasters resulting from earthquakes, and integrated vulnerability. This method scientifically measures vulnerability from earthquake in units of districts, focusing on integrated vulnerability to collapse of buildings and spreading of fires for each district. Each survey is published to improve the public＇ s awareness to vulnerabilities and risks.