河南省项目地区育龄妇女孕前环境危险因素暴露情况分析

Exposure of risk environment factors among fertile married women in Henan province

目的:了解河南省项目地区育龄妇女环境危险因素的暴露情况,为制定孕前保健措施提供依据。方法:采取多阶段随机抽样方法抽取河南省项目地区已婚待孕育龄妇女2008名,对其可能暴露的环境危险因素进行问卷调查。结果:有职业危险因素暴露者占18.0%(361/2008),暴露率排前3位的为高噪音环境、危险物质(重金属和化学物质)接触和粉尘环境。存在生活危险因素暴露者占52.9%(1063/2008),暴露率排前3位的为饲养宠物、使用杀虫剂和半年内居住在新装修过的房屋。29岁以下年龄组饲养宠物和半年内居住过装修房屋的比例高于30岁以上年龄组(χ2=11.568,P=0.001;χ2=31.950,P<0.001),农业户口组和非农业户口组使用杀虫剂、饲养宠物及半年内居住过装修房屋比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。调查妇女中乙肝疫苗接种率最高(48.0%),风疹疫苗接种率最低(17.4%)。结论:河南省育龄妇女环境危险因素的暴露比例不同,以生活危险因素暴露为主。

Aim：To investigate the exposure ratio of environmental factors of fertile married women in project areas of Henan province and provide scientific data for drawing up the measures of pre-pregnancy health care.Methods：To analyze the possible exposed environmental risk factors of fertile married women in Henan province,a questionnaire survey was performed with multistage random sampling methods among 2 008 women in project areas.Results：18.0%（361/2 008）fertile married women had exposed to occupational risk factors.The top three risk factors were noisy environment,hazardous substances（heavy metals and chemicals）and dust environment.Furthermore,52.9%（1 063/2 008）fertile married women had exposed to living risk factors.Keeping pets,using pesticides and living in newly refurnished house for six months were the top three risk factors.The exposure ratio of 29-year-old group who kept pets and living in newly refurnished house for six months was higher than that of over 30 years old group（χ2=11.568,P=0.001;χ2=31.950,P0.001）.However,there was no significant difference in the exposure ratios,including using pesticides,keeping pets and living in newly refurnished house for six months between agricultural and non-agricultural household group.In addition,the rate of hepatitis B vaccinations（48.0%）was the highest and rubella vaccine（17.4%）was the lowest among the surveyed women.Conclusion：The exposure proportion of environmental risk factors among fertile married women is different in Henan province.The major portion presents exposure of living risk factors.