董仲舒司法思想新探

New Explorations on DONG Zhong-shu's Judicial Thoughts

董仲舒根据阴阳五行的理论,系统论述了"德主刑辅"的治国方略,并对国家的司法权进行了定位,那就是辅助德教的实施并对德教加以保障;另外,司法权本身也必须受道德的制约,行使司法权力者必须有良好的道德自律能力,如此才能防止司法权变成一种盲目的非理性力量。董仲舒推崇的司法原则是"原心论罪",该原则的实质在于将道德引入司法审判。从整体上看,"原心论罪"这一原则带有一定的人道倾向,是对当时酷吏暴虐司法的一种抑制。从董仲舒司法思想的价值取向看,他强调司法活动必须符合"仁道",应当以"泛爱群生"为基本目标;掌握司法权力的人应该明白"德生于和,威生于平"的道理,坚持"以中和理天下"的施政方针,注重司法公平、道德教化,从而实现"世治而民和"的理想社会。

Based on Five Elements of Yin Yang, DONG Zhong - shu explicated systemically the ruling strategy of ＂primary virtue and supplementary punishment＂, and defining judicial power as guarantee and as- sistance for ruling of virtue. Besides, the judicial power itself should be subject to restriction of virtue, that is, the official should have good virtue and self- control capability to exercise judicial power so as to prevent it from becoming irrational. The doctrine of ＂adjudging crimes according to criminal intentions＂ advocated by DONG virtually introduced virtue into judicial proceedings. In the whole, such doctrine opted for humanity and restricted judicial tyranny. From the value pursuit perspective, DONG stressed that judicial proceedings should adhere to doctrine of ＂benevolence＂ and base on ＂universal love to the public＂. The officials in charge of judicial power should know that virtue is generated from harmony and authority is used to guarantee order. The policy of harmonious ruling should be maintained, besides, judicial equity and ruling of virtue should be intensified to accomplish the ideal of ＂society in proper order and people in harmony＂.