刑事主观事实的证明问题初探

Probe on the Proving of Criminal Subjective Facts

刑事主观事实的证明是一个世界性难题,仅靠口供等直接证据证明往往不够。间接证据证明和刑事推定是目前通行的两种有效方法,但我国的刑事立法和司法解释没有明确区分二者。间接证据体系的证明标准过高和间接证据不能单独直接证明主要案件事实共同导致间接证据证明的适用范围很有限,相应地可考虑降低证明标准和改变传统做法。刑事推定是另一种重要方法,严格克制适用则具有正当性,可以从刑事立法、证明责任和证明标准、反驳程序等方面加以完善。

To prove the criminal subjective facts is a worldwide problem, using the direct evidence to prove is simply not enough. While using the indirect evidence and criminal presumption are the two prevailing and effective methods. However, at present, criminal legislation and judicial interpretation do not distinguish these two methods. As a matter of fact that the proof standard of indirect evidence is too high and that the main facts of a case can not be proved by indirect evidence lead to a limited application scope for the indirect evidence, there- fore these two aspects should be reformed accordingly. Criminal presumption is another important method, and it can be improved from the aspects of criminal legislation, proof burden, proof standard and rebuttal procedure.