宗教冲突、贸易冲突抑或族群冲突?——19世纪末黄河上游一个藏族村落驱逐洋教士的过程分析

Religious,Trade or Ethnic Conflict? An Analysis of the Expulsion of Western Missionaries in a Tibetan Village on the Upper Yellow River in the Late 19th Century

通过现存档案资料,结合历史人类学方法对发生在甘青边界麻巴等十一个村落驱逐英国传教士的事件进行分析,旨在为研究19世纪后半叶风起云涌的驱逐洋教士事件提供一个不同类型的表达方式。认为,鸦片战争以后,西方列强加强了对华的宗教传播,西方传教士遍布全国各地,地处甘青边界的藏区也不断有传教士游历,他们在传教的同时,也从事多种贸易活动,扰乱了地方经济社会秩序,于是地方头人联络藏族群众毁抢传教士什物,掀起了驱逐传教士的斗争。

The purpose of this paper is to provide a different type of expression for research into the large-scale expulsion of western missionaries that was popular in the 19th century.By studying existing documents and materials and using methods of historical anthropology,the paper analyzes eleven villages including Maba along the border between Gansu and Qinghai where British missionaries were expelled.This paper believes that after the Opium War,western powers strengthened their missionary work in China as could been seen in the fact that western missionaries were scattered across the country.There were constantly missionaries traveling and living in the Tibetan area along the border between Gansu and Qinghai.These missionaries,while spreading religion,were also engaged in various trade activities,which disturbed the local economic and social order.As a result,the local tribal chiefs,together with the Tibetan people,destroyed and robbed the missionaries＇ properties and initiated a campaign to expel missionaries.