儿童呼吸道异物的特点及预防策略

Characteristics and prevention strategies of children with respiratory tract foreign bodies

目的 探讨儿童呼吸道异物的特点及预防策略..方法 分析580例儿童呼吸道异物的病例资料,分为农村和城市患儿2类;再根据年龄分成婴儿组（＜1岁）、幼儿组（1～3岁）、学龄前儿童组（3-5岁）、学龄期儿童组（6～12岁）.结果 580例中,农村患儿565例,城市患儿15例;婴儿组植物性异物38例;幼儿组植物性异物469例,动物性异物3例;学龄前儿童组植物性异物26例,化学合成品类异物4例,动物性异物1例,金属性异物3例;学龄期儿童组植物性异物5例,化学合成品类异物27例,矿物性异物2例,金属性异物1例,动物性异物1例.结论 ①婴幼儿及学龄前期儿童呼吸道异物以植物性异物为主,学龄期儿童以化学合成品类异物为主.②加强民众的健康宣传教育,特别是农村地区民众的防范意识甚为重要.

Objective To explore the characteristics and prevention strategies of children with respiratory tract foreign bodies. Methods 580 cases of foreign bodies in children respiratory tract were analyzed retrospectively. The patients were divided into two categories： from rural area and from urban area. While regarding on ages, the patients were divided into four groups ： infants （ 〈 1 year ） , child care group （ 1 - 3 years ） , preschool group （ 3 - 5 years ） , and school - age children （6 - 12 years）. Results The rural children were 565 cases, urban children were 15 cases; in the infants group, plant foreign bodies were 38 cases; in the child care group, plant foreign bodies were 469 cases, animal foreign bodies were 3 cases; in the preschool group, plant foreign bodies were 26 cases, chemical compounds foreign bodies were 4 cases, animal foreign bodies were 1 case, metallic foreign bodies were 3 cases; in the school age group, plant foreign bodies were 5 cases, chemical compounds foreign bodies were 27 cases, mineral foreign bodies were 2 cases, metallic foreign bodies were 1 case, animal foreign bodies were 1 case. Conclusion In the infants and preschool aged groups, plant foreign bodies were the majority foreign bodies in respiratory tract, while in school aged ehildren were chemical compounds foreign bodies. The incidence of respiratory tract foreign bodied was obviously higher in rural children than that in urban children. And poor awareness of prevention of respiratory tract foreign bodies in rural children may be the main cause. Strengthening the public health promotion education, especially in the rural is imminent.