呼伦贝尔草原产草量及载畜平衡研究

Balance Between Grassland Productivity and Livestock Carrying Capacity of HulunBuir Grassland

净初级生产力(NPP)是确定草地载畜量的一个重要参数.利用MODIS遥感数据,采用改进的光能利用率模型对呼伦贝尔地区2006年草地生态系统的NPP进行估算,并利用2006年实测样方数据对其模型进行验证.呼伦贝尔地区草地生态系统2006年NPP总量为2.9×1013gC,平均值为261.01 gC/m2.然后根据模拟的NPP数据对理论载畜量进行估算,与2006年呼伦贝尔市统计年鉴提供的各旗市年中牲畜数量进行对比,得到各旗市的超载放牧情况.呼伦贝尔地区在2006年理论载畜量为765.41万头羊单位,实际载畜量为1 838.45万头,总超载量为1 073.04万头.超载量比较重的旗市为:阿荣旗325.45万头;扎兰屯市270.72万头;莫力达瓦达斡尔族自治旗254.71万头.鄂伦春自治旗、根河市和额尔古纳市则载畜量不足,畜牧业还有很大的潜力可挖.

Grassland yield is the basis of developing stock farming, net primary production （NPP） is an important parameter in determining carrying capacity. Using MODIS remote sensing data and the improved solar energy efficiency model, we estimated the NPP of grassland ecosystem of HulunBuir Grassland in 2006, and then the output from the model was validated by the field survey data during growing season of 2006. The total NPP was 2.9 ~ 1013 gC in 2006, with an average of 261.01 gC/m2. Based on the estimated NPP, it was calculated that the optimal carrying capacity should be 765.41 ten thousands sheep units, compared to the actual carrying capacity of 1 838.45 ten thousands sheep units, thus the total overloading was 1 073.04 ten thousands sheep units. The seriously overloading regions are Arun Banner with 325.45 ten thousands sheep units, Zhalantun City with 270.72 ten thousands sheep units, Morin Dawa Daur Autonomous Banner with 254.71 ten thousands sheep units. The carrying capacity o{ Oroqin Autonomous Banner, Genhe City and Ergun City is insufficient, thus there is great potential for livestock in those area.