基于GIS的县级市医疗机构空间可达性分析——以福建省石狮市为例

Analysis of Spatial Accessibility to Medical Institutions in County-level City Based on GIS:A Case Study of Shishi,Fujian

基于福建省石狮市行政区划及交通网络图,结合石狮市2008年末人口分布数据以及最近的医疗机构相关数据,运用最近就医距离模型、潜能模型及改进的潜能模型3个空间可达性模型,利用GIS技术和空间可达性指标评估医疗机构空间分布的合理性,详细分析了石狮市镇级以上医疗机构的空间布局。结果显示:石狮市医疗机构分布偏东西方向集中,南北分布的蚶江镇、永宁镇医疗资源缺少,总体分布不均衡。研究认为,利用改进的潜能模型,选择合适的阻抗系数能得出更加合理的空间可达性指标,突出空间可达性差异问题,可为医疗机构的空间格局优化提供参考,并为医疗卫生事业改革中设施规划和资源分配提供重要依据。

With the topographic map of Shishi City,the data of the census in 2008 and the data of medical institutions,Shishi City is selected as a study area in this paper to assess the rationality of medical institutions＇ spatial distribution by using ArcGIS 9.3 software and the index of spatial accessibility which can be calculated by applying distance to nearest provider,potential model and improved potential model.The results show that medical institutions are mostly distributed in east-west direction of the city,while those in Hanjiang town and Yongning town are lacked,the overall distribution is imbalanced.By using the improved potential model and selecting appropriate resistance factor,a more reasonable indicator of spatial accessibility can be obtained.A detailed analysis of medical institutions＇ spatial distribution is conducted,whose results can be used for local medical institutions＇ spatial arrangement,and provide evidences for medical reform and resources allocation.