山楂种质资源性状描述系统的研究

STUDIES ON DESCRIPTION SYSTEM OF HAWTHORN GERMPLASM RESOURCES

作者在1979-1984年参加全国山楂资源考察的基础上,于1985-1987年对当时拟定的性状描述系统进行了较深入的研究。通过对40个代表性山楂品种近百个性状在品种间和品种内变异的研究,发现原调查项目中幼茎颜色、托叶形状、单花雄蕊数等19个项目品种间无显著差异,对鉴别品种无价值,应予删除,占原调查项目 63项的30％。原调查项目中未列,但品种间差异显著,有助于鉴别品种的项目33个,建议增列,如叶片厚薄、叶缘腺体大小和颜色、叶刻距、刻基距等,占现有描述系统此类调查项目77项的43％。研究了资源调查中的取样部位、方法和取样数量问题,并按种质资源数据电子计算机管理的要求,建立了山楂种质资源性状描述系统、鉴定项目及其分级归类标准、数据库结构及数据类型、不同数据项的合理容量等,为山楂种质资源的系统研究奠定了初步基础。

On the basis of hawthorn germplasm investigation in China, which was carried out during 1979-1984, we conducted a thorough study on the description system of hawthorn germplasm resources from 1985 to 1987. The differences among and within the varieties, and the role of each character in their identification were demonstrated. Through observation on about 100 characters of 40 hawthorn varieties, we discovered that,since there are no significant difference in 19 characters ( accounting for 30% in the previous items ) , such as young stem color, stipule shape, number of stamens between varieties, they should not be included in survey. Many characters, such as leaf thickness, size and color of leaf grand, dent distance, dent base distance arc relatively atable within each variety,but different considerably between varieties. These 33 characters ( accounting for 43 % in revised items ) should be listed in the investigation items. The suitable sampling methods, investigation standards and the methods and indices for description were also studied and, as a result, a description system of hawthorn germ-plasm resources was established according to the demand of computer management.It laid a priliminary basis for studying hawthorn germplasm resources.