无线传感器网络LEACH协议的研究与改进

Research and improvement of LEACH protocol for wireless sensor networks

在无线传感器网络体系结构中,网络层的路由技术至关重要。在分析了低功耗自适应分簇协议(low energyadaptive clustering hierarchy,LEACH)及LEACH相关的路由协议之后,提出一种基于LEACH的能量高效分簇路由算法(energy-efficient clustering routing algorithm based on LEACH,LEACH-EE)的改进算法。网络中所有节点形成固定的分簇,根据簇内节点的剩余能量来依次竞争簇首,同时尽量减少节点与基站之间的通信。簇内成员节点采用流量发送概率的方式向簇首传输数据监测信息。簇间采用多跳方式转发数据,可以有效地避免簇首能量消耗不均衡的问题。NS2仿真实验表明,改进后的算法有效地延长了无线传感器网络的寿命。

Routing technology at the network layer is pivotal in the architecture of wireless sensor networks. Based on the a- nalysis of the LEACH and LEACH routing protocol related, the Energy-Efficient clustering algorithm based on LEACH （LEACH-EE） is proposed. All nodes are divided by base station into several static clusters, and a cluster head selection al- gorithm is based on its energy and reducing the traffic between the nodes and the base station is done at the same time. Members of the cluster send data to the cluster head based on a probability of data transmission. Multi-hop data transmis- sion for inter-cluster communication can avoid imbalanced energy-dissipated among cluster heads. The simulation results in NS2 demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is more effective in prolonging the network lifetime.