回望一九五四:制宪者的宪法观念及其反思

Looking Back on 1954:Reflection on Constitutional Concepts of the PRC Constitution Framers

毛泽东《关于中华人民共和国宪法草案》的讲话包含了宪法具有纲领性、宪法是总章程、宪法具有过渡性等宪法观念,是共和国制宪者的集体意识且最终成为国家的宪法观。这些观念经学者们过度演绎或误读而体现出宪法国家主义、宪法工具主义和宪法虚无主义倾向,对中国的宪政与法治建设产生着消极的影响,以致宪政至今仍只是一个有待实现的理想。要实现中国宪政与法治的实质性进步,必须破除这些传统但却不当的宪法观念,使宪法成为真正的法律并推动宪法的实施。

Mao Zedong＇s speech ＂On the Draft Constitution of the PRC＂,indicated that the Constitution would be programmatic,the Constitution would be the general statute,the Constitution would be transitional and other concepts of Constitution.And these ideas eventually became the country＇s Constitution concepts.But these Constitutional nationalism,Constitutional tools doctrine and Constitutional nihilism deviated from the universal concept of the Constitution.They have had negative impact on the Constitutional government and the legal system in China.To achieve substantial progress of Constitutional government in China,we must get rid of these traditional but inappropriate concepts of Constitution and promote a real implementation of the Constitution.